Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the process of introducing microorganisms to contaminated soil and groundwater to naturally reduce pollutants, such as hydrocarbons. It is increasingly used as part of long-term spill containment and contamination control strategies, especially as regulators place greater emphasis on addressing toxic waste sites across the United States.

How Bioremediation Works

• Microbes: Hydrocarbon-eating organisms are introduced to target areas of contamination.
• Site preparation: Amendments, nutrients, or oxygen may be added to optimize microbial activity.
• Ongoing process: Microbes must be maintained and directed to contaminated zones for effective treatment.

Why use bioremediation?  According to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Advantages of Bioremediation

1. Environmentally friendly: Uses natural processes to degrade harmful substances.
2. Cost-effective: Often requires less equipment, labor, and energy compared to mechanical cleanup methods.
3. Onsite treatment: Reduces the need for excavation, pumping, or transporting contaminated soil or water.
4. Versatile: Can treat both soil and groundwater effectively.

Real-World Example

At the Iceland Coin Laundry Superfund site in New Jersey, bioremediation was applied to groundwater contaminated with dry cleaning solvents:

• Vegetable oil and baking soda were injected to improve microbial activity.
• Bacteria were added to boost the native population.
• The treatment area covered approximately 1,800 feet long, 500 feet wide, and 40 feet deep.

Preliminary results showed a significant decrease in contaminant concentrations, with the goal of reducing pollutants from 10+ parts per billion to less than 1 part per billion.